Public health experts in service of journalism.
Health Desk
Rapid responses to health questions for fact-checkers and journalists.
Thank you! Your submission has been received!
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.
Rapid responses to health questions for fact-checkers and journalists.
N95 मास्क जिन्हें राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य एजेंसियों और अंतरराष्ट्रीय संगठनों द्वारा अनुमोदित किया गया है, वे मानव स्वास्थ्य के लिए कोई बड़ा खतरा नहीं हैं और बीमारी के प्रसार को रोकने में प्रभावी हैं। हालांकि, गैर-पॉलीप्रोपाइलीन सामग्री से बने नकली मास्क में संदिग्ध सामग्री हो सकती है।
अधिकांश कोविड-19 टीके किसी भी प्रमुख रक्त वाहिकाओं से दूर, हमारे ऊपरी बाँह में इंजेक्शन द्वारा दिए जाते हैं। एक बार इंजेक्शन लगाने के बाद, इंजेक्शन स्थल के आसपास की मांसपेशी कोशिकाएं स्पाइक प्रोटीन को व्यक्त करती हैं, जिससे शरीर से प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया प्राप्त होती है। हाथ में बची हुई खुराक का एक बड़ा हिस्सा हमारे लसीका तंत्र के माध्यम से यकृत में जाता है और फिर वहां एंजाइमों द्वारा नष्ट कर दिया जाता है। एक बहुत छोटा अनुपात अंततः अन्य ऊतकों या रक्तप्रवाह में पहुंच सकता है।
चूंकि mRNA बहुत नाज़ुक होता है, इसका कोशिकाओं में वितरण काफ़ी कठिन हो सकता है। वैज्ञानिकों ने तरल नैनोकणों नामक चर्बी की छोटी गेंदों का उपयोग करके एक वितरण विधि का उपयोग किया। ये mRNA को बिना नष्ट किए सुरक्षित रूप से शरीर में mRNA परिवहन में सहायता कर सकते हैं। कोविड-19 mRNA टीके लक्षित कोशिकाओं को टीके का फ़ॉर्मूला पहुँचाने के लिए तरल नैनोकणों का उपयोग करते हैं। यह संभावना है कि जीनोमिक दवा द्वारा उत्पादित किए गए किसी भी संभावित भविष्य के “सुपर हीरो” टीकों के लिए वसा के लिफाफे में mRNA संलग्न करने की वितरण पद्धति का उपयोग किया जा सकता है। अभी के लिए ये एक सैद्धांतिक विचार है।
نظرًا لأن الحمض الريبي النووي المرسال حساس للغاية، يمكن أن يمثل وصوله للخلايا تحديًا. استخدم العلماء طريقة إيصال باستخدام كرات صغيرة من الدهون تسمى الجسيمات النانوية السائلة. يمكنها أن تساعد في نقل الحمض الريبي النووي المرسال إلى الجسم بأمان دون تحطيمه. تستخدم لقاحات الحمض الريبي النووي المرسال ضد كوفيد-19 الجسيمات النانوية السائلة لإيصال صيغ اللقاح إلى الخلايا المستهدفة. من المحتمل أن أي لقاحات "خارقة" مستقبلية تُنتج باستخدام الطب الجيني قد تستخدم أيضًا طريقة إيصال لتغليف الحمض الريبي النووي المرسال في غلاف من الدهون. لكنها في الوقت الحالي فكرة نظرية.
لا تشكل أقنعة N95 الموافق عليها من قبل وكالات الصحة الوطنية والمنظمات الدولية تهديدًا كبيرًا على صحة الإنسان، وتعدّ هي فعالة في منع انتشار المرض. ومع ذلك، قد تحتوي الأقنعة المزيفة المصنوعة من مادة غير البولي بروبلين على محتويات مشكوك فيها.
تُعطى معظم لقاحات كوفيد-19 عن طريق الحقن في أعلى الذراع، بعيدًا عن أي أوعية دموية كبرى. بمجرد حقنها، تمتص الخلايا العضلية المحيطة بموقع الحقنة بروتين سبايك، ما يحث الجسم على تشكيل استجابة مناعية. تُصرف نسبة كبيرة من الجرعة المتبقية في الذراع من خلال الجهاز اللمفاوي إلى الكبد، ثم تدمر بواسطة الإنزيمات الموجودة هناك. قد ينتهي الأمر بنسبة صغيرة جدًا من الجرعة في الأنسجة الأخرى أو في مجرى الدم.
फिलीपींस में उपलब्ध कोविड-19 टीके सिनोवैक बायोटेक, एस्ट्राजेनेका, फाइजर-बायोएनटेक, मॉडर्ना, जॉनसन एंड जॉनसन और स्पुतनिक V हैं।
कई अध्ययन विभिन्न देशों में BCG टीकाकरण नीतियों और उन देशों में अपेक्षाकृत कम संख्या में कोविड-19 मामलों और मौतों के बीच की कड़ी का पता लगा रहे हैं। हाल ही में प्रकाशित अध्ययन इस विचार का समर्थन नहीं करते हैं कि बचपन में BCG टीकाकरण वयस्कता में कोविड-19 के खिलाफ सुरक्षा कर सकता है। विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन (WHO) ने इस विषय पर एक नोट प्रकाशित किया है जिसमें कहा गया है कि सबूतों के अभाव में, WHO कोविड-19 की रोकथाम के लिए BCG टीकाकरण की सिफारिश नहीं करता है। नेशनल एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज (यूएस) की रूदाद में प्रकाशित एक अध्ययन में कहा गया है कि आय, आयु वितरण और स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं तक पहुंच जैसी अंशों में अंतर को देखने पर यह पाया गया कि उच्च BCG टीकाकरण दर वाले देशों में कोविड-19 से होने वाली मृत्यु दर कम थी। हालांकि, भले ही इस महामारी विज्ञान के अध्ययन में देखा गया है कि BCG टीकाकरण और कोविड-19 की कम गंभीरता के बीच एक संबंध है, इसका मतलब यह नहीं है कि BCG टीकाकरण को गंभीर कोविड-19 से सुरक्षा का कारण मानने के लिए पर्याप्त सबूत हैं। और अधिक अध्ययन चालू हैं। इस प्रविष्टि को 11 जुलाई, 2020 को नई जानकारी के साथ अपडेट किया गया था
कोविड-19 के टीके के बाद, डॉक्टर की सलाह पर ली गई डाइक्लोफेनेक से समस्या होने का कोई वैज्ञानिक प्रमाण नहीं है। सीडीसी दिशानिर्देशों के अनुसार "वर्तमान में अधिकृत सभी कोविड-19 टीकों के लिए, टीकाकरण के बाद के लक्षणों के उपचार के लिए एनएसएआईडी (NSAIDs) लिये जा सकते हैं।" इसमें डाइक्लोफेनेक का उपयोग भी शामिल है, जब तक कि इसकी मात्रा चिकित्सीय सलाह के अनुरूप हो।
एचआईवी के साथ रहने वाले व्यक्तियों को सुरक्षित रूप से कोविड-19 के खिलाफ टीका लगाया जा सकता है। उपलब्ध टीके सामूहिक टीकाकरण के लिए उपलब्ध होने से पहले जिस प्राधिकरण प्रक्रिया से गुजरते हैं, उसके तहत नैदानिक परीक्षण शोधकर्ताओं को एक टीके की सुरक्षा स्थापित करने की अनुमति देते हैं। अधिकृत कोविड-19 टीकों की सुरक्षा का परीक्षण करने के लिए किए जाने वाले नैदानिक परीक्षणों में एचआईवी संक्रमण वाले लोग शामिल थे, और उन्हें सुरक्षित माना गया था।
आज तक कोई डेटा नहीं है कि कोविड-19 टीके प्रजनन क्षमता को प्रभावित करते हैं। लंबे समय तक कोविड-19 टीकों और प्रजनन क्षमता के बीच संबंधों का अध्ययन जारी रखने और यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए कि कोई जोखिम नहीं है, अनुसंधान जारी है। कई विशेषज्ञों का कहना है कि कोविड-19 गर्भवती व्यक्तियों के लिए और संभावित रूप से उन लोगों के लिए जो गर्भवती होने की उम्मीद कर रहे हैं, इससे बचाव करने वाले टीकों की तुलना में अधिक हानिकारक है।
कई अन्य टीकों के मुकाबले ऐस्ट्राज़ेनेका के टीके का निर्माण, भंडारण और परिवहन, आसान और सस्ता है। इसी कारण इसे कई विकासशील व विकसित देशों की टीकाकरण रणनीति में देखा जा सकता है।
ह्यूमन चैलेंज ट्रायल (HCT) एक ऐसा अध्ययन है जिसमें यह देखने के लिए कि टीका प्रभावी है या नहीं, स्वयंसेवकों को टीका दिए जाने के बाद जानबूझकर वायरस से संक्रमित किया जाता है। नैदानिक परीक्षण आम तौर पर प्रतिभागियों को उनके दैनिक जीवन में कोविड-19 के संपर्क में आने देते हैं, लेकिन HCT वायरस, प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया, दवाओं और उपचारों के बारे में जानने के लिए स्वयंसेवकों को जानबूझकर संक्रमित करते हैं।
आज तक कोई बड़े पैमाने पर अध्ययन नहीं हुआ है जिसने फाइजर-बायोएनटेक वैक्सीन की तीसरी खुराक के संभावित दुष्प्रभावों की जांच की है, लेकिन यह संभावना है कि आम साइड इफेक्ट के अधिक तीव्र एपिसोड हो सकते हैं जो दूसरी खुराक के बाद में होते हैं (जैसे सिरदर्द, थकान, मांसपेशियों में दर्द, बुखार, सूजन)। यह दिखाने के लिए कोई सबूत नहीं है कि तीसरी खुराक से टीकाकरण करने वालों में कैंसर, दिल के दौरे या मृत्यु की दर में वृद्धि होगी।
Health Desk provides on-demand and on-deadline science information to users seeking to quickly communicate complex topics to audiences.
In-house scientists provide custom explainers for critical science questions from journalists, fact-checkers and others in need of accessible breakdowns on scientific information. Topics range from reproductive health, infectious disease, climate science, vaccinology or other health areas.
Meedan's Health-Desk.org makes every effort to provide health- and science-related information that is accurate and reflects the best evidence available at the time of publication. To submit an error or correction request, please email our editorial team at health@meedan.com. All error or correction requests will be reviewed by the Health Desk Editorial and Science Teams. Where there is evidence of a factual error or typo, we will update the explainer with a correction or clarification and follow up with the reader on the status of the request.
Our scientists, writers, journalists, and experts do not engage in, advocate for, or publicize their personal views on policy issues that might lead a reasonable member of the public to see our team’s work as biased. If you have concerns or comments about potential bias in our work, please contact our editorial team at health@meedan.com.
Health Desk provides on-demand and on-deadline science information to users seeking to quickly communicate complex topics to audiences.
In-house scientists provide custom explainers for critical science questions from journalists, fact-checkers and others in need of accessible breakdowns on scientific information. Topics range from reproductive health, infectious disease, climate science, vaccinology or other health areas.
Meedan's Health-Desk.org makes every effort to provide health- and science-related information that is accurate and reflects the best evidence available at the time of publication. To submit an error or correction request, please email our editorial team at health@meedan.com. All error or correction requests will be reviewed by the Health Desk Editorial and Science Teams. Where there is evidence of a factual error or typo, we will update the explainer with a correction or clarification and follow up with the reader on the status of the request.
Our scientists, writers, journalists, and experts do not engage in, advocate for, or publicize their personal views on policy issues that might lead a reasonable member of the public to see our team’s work as biased. If you have concerns or comments about potential bias in our work, please contact our editorial team at health@meedan.com.
Nat Gyenes, MPH, leads Meedan’s Digital Health Lab, an initiative dedicated to addressing health information equity challenges, with a focus on the role that technology plays in mediating access to health through access to information. She received her masters in public health from the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, with a focus on equitable access to health information and human rights. As a research affiliate at Harvard’s Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society, she studies the ways in which health information sources and outputs can impact health outcomes. She lectures at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health on Health, Media and Human Rights. Before joining Meedan, Nat worked at the MIT Media Lab as a health misinformation researcher.
Megan Marrelli is a Peabody award-winning journalist and the News Lead of Health Desk. She focuses on news innovation in today’s complex information environment. Megan has worked on the digital breaking news desk of the Globe and Mail, Canada’s national newspaper, and on the news production team of the Netflix series Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj. She was a Canadian Association of Journalists finalist for a team Chronicle Herald investigation into house fires in Halifax, Nova Scotia. On top of her role at Meedan Megan works with the investigative journalism incubator Type Investigations, where she is reporting a data-driven story on fatal patient safety failures in U.S. hospitals. She holds a Master of Science from the Columbia Journalism School and lives in New York.
Anshu holds a Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and a Humanitarian Studies, Ethics, and Human Rights concentrator at the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative. She is a Harvard Voices in Leadership writing fellow and student moderator, Prajna Fellow, and the John C. and Katherine Vogelheim Hansen Fund for Africa Awardee. Anshu’s interests include: systemic issues of emergency management, crisis leadership, intersectoral approaches to climate risk resilience, inclusion and human rights, international development, access and sustainability of global health systems, and socio-economic equity. Anshu has worked at the United Nations, UNDP, UNICEF, Gates Foundation, and the Institute of Healthcare Improvement.
Dr. Christin Gilmer is a Global Health Scientist with a background in infectious diseases, international health systems, and population health and technology. In the last 15 years, Christin has worked for the WHO, University of Oxford, World Health Partners, USAID, UNFPA, the FXB Center for Health & Human Rights and more, including volunteering for Special Olympics International’s health programs and running health- and technology-based nonprofits across the country. She obtained her Doctor of Public Health Degree at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, her MPH at Columbia, and spent time studying at M.I.T., Harvard Kennedy School, and Harvard Business School. Christin has worked in dozens of countries across five continents and loves running programs and research internationally, but she is currently based in Seattle.
Dr. Jessica Huang is currently a COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fellow with the Harvard Kennedy School’s Bloomberg City Leadership Initiative. Previously, she worked and taught with D-Lab at MIT, leading poverty reduction and humanitarian innovation projects with UNICEF, UNHCR, Oxfam, USAID, foreign government ministries and community-based organizations across dozens of countries. She also co-founded a social enterprise that has provided access to safe drinking water to thousands in India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Formerly trained as an environmental engineer, she earned a Doctorate of Public Health from Harvard and a Master’s in Learning, Design and Technology (LDT) from Stanford. Her projects have won multiple awards, including the top prize in A Grand Challenge for Development: Technology to Support Education in Crisis & Conflict Settings, and led to her being recognized for Learning 30 Under 30. She enjoys being an active volunteer, supporting several non-profits in health, education, environmental sustainability and social justice.
Jenna Sherman, MPH, is a Program Manager for Meedan’s Digital Health Lab, an initiative focused on addressing the urgent challenges around health information equity. She has her MPH from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Social and Behavioral Sciences, with a concentration in Maternal and Child Health. Prior to her graduate studies, Jenna served as a Senior Project Coordinator at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, where she worked on tech ethics with an emphasis on mitigating bias and discrimination in AI and health misinformation online. Previous experiences include helping to develop accessible drug pricing policies, researching access to quality information during epidemics, and studying the impact of maternal incarceration on infant health.
Nour is a Global Health Strategy consultant based in Dakar (Senegal) and specialized in health system strengthening. Most recently, she worked with Dalberg Advisors focusing on Epidemic Preparedness & Response and Vaccination Coverage and Equity across 15 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Her previous work experiences include researching the clinical needs in point-of-care technology in cancer care at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston; and coordinating the implementation of a colonoscopy quality assurance initiative for a colorectal cancer screening program at McGill University in Montreal. Nour has a Master of Public Health from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, a Master of Arts in Medical Ethics and Law from King’s College London, and a Bachelor of Science from McGill University. She is fluent in French and English.
Shalini Joshi is a Program Lead at Meedan and formerly the Executive Editor and co-founder of Khabar Lahariya - India’s only independent, digital news network available to viewers in remote rural areas and small towns. Shalini transformed Khabar Lahariya from one edition of a printed newspaper to an award-winning digital news agency available to over ten million viewers. She has a sophisticated understanding of local media and gender, and the ways in which they can inhibit women from participating in the public sphere in South Asia. Shalini was a TruthBuzz Partner & Fellow with the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ). She is a trainer in journalism, verification and fact-checking. She has designed, implemented and strengthened news reporting & editorial policies and practices in newsrooms and fact-checking organisations. Shalini set up and managed the tipline used to collect WhatsApp-based rumors for Checkpoint, a research project to study misinformation at scale during the 2019 Indian general elections.
Mohit Nair currently serves as Partnerships Director at FairVote Washington, a non-profit organisation based in Seattle, WA. Previously, he worked with the Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) Vienna Evaluation Unit and with MSF Operational Centre Barcelona in India. He has conducted research studies on diverse topics, including the drivers of antibiotic resistance in West Bengal and perceptions of palliative care in Bihar. Mohit has also worked as a research consultant with Save the Children in Laos to identify gaps in the primary health system and develop a district-wide action plan for children with disabilities. He holds a Master of Public Health from the Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health and a Bachelor of Science from Cornell University.
Seema Yasmin is an Emmy Award-winning medical journalist, poet, physican and author. Yasmin served as an officer in the Epidemic Intelligence Service at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention where she investigated disease outbreaks. She trained in journalism at the University of Toronto and in medicine at the University of Cambridge. Yasmin was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in breaking news in 2017 with a team from The Dallas Morning News and received an Emmy Award for her reporting on neglected diseases. She received two grants from the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting and was selected as a John S. Knight Fellow in Journalism at Stanford University iin 2017 where she investigated the spread of health misinformation and disinformation during epidemics.
Dr. Saskia Popescu is an infectious disease epidemiologist and infection preventionist with a focus on hospital biopreparedness and the role of infection prevention in health security efforts. She is an expert in healthcare biopreparedness and is nationally recognized for her work in infection prevention and enhancing hospital response to infectious diseases events. Currently, Dr. Popescu is an Adjunct Professor with the University of Arizona, and an Affiliate Faculty with George Mason University, while serving on the Coronavirus Task Force within the Federation of American Scientists, and on a data collection subcommittee for SARS-CoV-2 response with the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine. She holds a PhD in Biodefense from George Mason University, a Masters in Public Health with a focus on infectious diseases, and a Masters of Arts in International Security Studies, from the University of Arizona. Dr. Popescu is an Alumni Fellow of the Emerging Leaders in Biosecurity Initiative (ELBI) at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Health Security. She is also an external expert for the European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC), and a recipient of the Presidential Scholarship at George Mason University. In 2010, she was a recipient of the Frontier Interdisciplinary eXperience (FIX) HS-STEM Career Development Grant in Food Defense through the National Center for Food Protection and Defense. During her work as an infection preventionist, she managed Ebola response, a 300+ measles exposure resulting in an MMWR article, and bioterrorism preparedness in the hospital system. More recently, she created and disseminated a gap analysis for a 6-hospital system to establish vulnerabilities for high-consequence diseases, helping to guide the creation of a high-consequence disease initiative to enhance readiness at the healthcare level.
Ben Kertman is a behavior change scientist and public health specialist who became a user research consultant to help organizations design experiences that change behaviors and improve human well-being. Impatient with the tendency of behavior change companies to use a single discipline approach (e.g. behavioral economics) and guard their methods behind paywalls, Ben spent the last 7 years developing an open-source, multi-discipline, behavior change framework for researchers and designers to apply to UX. Ben is an in-house SME at Fidelity Investments and consults for non-profits on the side. Ben holds a masters in Social and Behavior Science and Public Health from Harvard.
Emily LaRose is a Registered Dietitian and Nutrition and Global Health Consultant who, in addition to her work with Meedan, currently works as a Technical Advisor for Nutrition for Operation Smile. She has been a dietitian for more than 18 years and, over the past 10 years, she has worked for the World Bank, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), PATH, Johnson & Wales University, and Children’s Hospital Los Angeles. In her work, she has conducted analytical research and written specialty reports on infant and young child malnutrition, health misinformation, global human milk banking practices, and innovative food system programs; developed tools and protocols for clinical nutrition care delivery in humanitarian hospitals; taught university-level nutrition courses; and provided nutritional care for critically ill hospitalized patients. Emily earned her Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) degree with a Nutrition and Global Health Concentration at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, her Master of Science in Dietetics at Kansas State University, and her Bachelor of Science in Culinary Arts Nutrition at Johnson & Wales University.
Bhargav Krishna is a Fellow at the Centre for Policy Research in Delhi, and adjunct faculty at the Public Health Foundation of India and Azim Premji University. He previously managed the Centre for Environmental Health at the Public Health Foundation of India, leading research and teaching on environmental health at the Foundation. He has been a member of Government of India expert committees on air pollution and biomedical waste, and has led work with Union and State governments on air pollution, climate change, and health systems. His work has been funded by the World Health Organization, Rockefeller Foundation, Packard Foundation, Environmental Defense Fund, and others. He holds bachelors and masters degrees in Biotechnology and Environmental Science respectively, and graduated recently from the Doctor of Public Health program at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. Bhargav also co-founded Care for Air, a non-profit working on raising awareness related to air pollution with school children in Delhi.
Dr. Christine Mutaganzwa is a medical doctor pursuing a Ph.D. program at the Université de Montréal in Biomedical Sciences. She holds a Master of Medical Sciences in Global Health Delivery (MMSc-GHD) from Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and a Master of Sciences (MSc) in Epidemiology and Biostatistics from the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. She graduated from the University of Rwanda with a degree in General Medicine and Surgery. Christine has worked with referral hospitals in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda, during her medical training and after graduation. In addition, she has extensive experience working with rural communities in the Eastern province of Rwanda, where she organized clinical and research activities in active collaboration with colleagues within and outside Rwanda. Her research portfolio cuts across maternal and child health to infectious and chronic diseases. Christine is an advocate for children's healthcare services, especially for underserved populations. She is part of a community of scientists translating scientific findings into understandable and accessible information for the general population. Christine is an avid reader and a lover of classical/contemporary music.
Ahmad is an experienced physician, who earned his medical degree from Cairo University, Faculty of Medicine, in Egypt. He practiced medicine between 2012 and 2017 as a general practitioner where he was involved in primary care, health quarantine services, and radiology. He then taught medicine in Cairo for two years prior to starting his MPH program, at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, where he supplemented his experience with knowledge on epidemiology, health systems and global health issues. Additionally, Ahmad has an interest in nutrition, which started as a personal curiosity to how he can improve his own health, then quickly saw the potential for public health nutrition in the prevention and management of multiple, lifelong diseases. His enrollment at Harvard started his transition towards learning about food, and public health nutrition. Ahmad now combines the knowledge and experience of his medical career, with the learnings of his degree to navigate public health topics in his writing and his career. He is a life-long learner and continues to gather knowledge and experience, and works towards maximizing his impact through combatting misinformation through his work with Meedan.
Dr. Uzma Alam is a global health professional working at the intersection of infectious diseases and healthcare delivery in the international development and humanitarian contexts. She focuses on the use of evidence and innovation to inform strategies and policies. Her work has appeared globally across print and media outlets.She has international experience with roles of increasing responsibility across the science value chain having served with academic, non-profit, corporate, and governmental agencies, including advisory commissions and corporate counsel. Uzma is the former secretary of the Association of Women in Science and editor of the Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics. Currently she serves on the Board of the Geneva Foundation. She also leads the Biomedical and Health Sciences Portfolio of the Developing Excellence, Leadership and Training in Science in Africa program (DELTAS-Africa). A US$100 million programme supporting development of world-class scientific leaders on the continent. Plus heading the African Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) Priorities Programme. A programme that engages Africa’s science and political leaders to identify the top STI priorities for the continent that if addressed, offer the highest return on investment for Africa’s sustainable development.
