Why has vaccine rollout been so slow in the European Union compared to other countries?
Why has vaccine rollout been so slow in the European Union compared to other countries?
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Globally, the COVID-19 vaccine rollout has been wrought with challenges and unforeseen delays. In spite of the European Union having contracts in place for 2.3 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines, availability is still limited and rollout has been slow. This is because of a lengthy and complex vaccine approval process, delays in production and delivery, and gaps in planning. Nonetheless, according to the EU vaccine strategy, all adults should be able to be vaccinated during 2021 and the European Commission has promised that “all Member States will have access to COVID-19 vaccines at the same time and the distribution will be done on a per capita basis to ensure fair access.” To be sure, it is difficult to compare the EU to single-country jurisdictions. There are likely to be logistical rollout challenges that are specific to the EU, because one country’s hurdles can directly impact other countries in the Union. While the European Commission has encouraged Member States to follow a common vaccine deployment strategy, there is some tension between supporting a coordinated EU approach while also considering the needs of country-level governments that seek to maintain some autonomy. **Approval process delays:** Both the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine and the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine have been approved by the European Medicines Agency, but EU approvals for the vaccines have trailed approvals in other countries like the U.S. and Canada. The EU approved the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines weeks after the US and Canada did so. The Astra Zeneca vaccine, which is approved for use in the UK and Canada but not yet in the United States, is also waiting on approval from the EU. **Delays in production and delivery: **On top of its lengthy approval process, vaccine deliveries to the EU have also contributed to a slower rollout than expected. The AstraZeneca vaccine is nearing the end of the EU regulatory approval process, but the company stated recently that it plans to deliver far fewer doses than it had promised. The change has increased tensions between the vaccine maker and the EU, which pre-financed AstraZeneca’s vaccine development. Though there have not been reports of widespread delays on the Moderna vaccine, Poland reported a delayed Moderna vaccine on January 25, 2021. The new target date for the delayed delivery is during the weekend of January 30-31, 2021, though it is unclear if this will occur as planned. Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, speaking at the World Economic Forum on January 26, 2021, highlighted European investments in COVID-19 vaccine development and stated that “the companies must deliver. They must honor their obligations.” She went on to mention plans for a vaccine export transparency mechanism to ensure that vaccine allocations are being delivered as promised. A reorganization at Pfizer led to Pfizer-BioNTech reducing vaccine deliveries to all European countries starting the week of January 18. Pfizer stated in a press release on January 15 that the goal of the reorganization is to “scale-up manufacturing capacities in Europe and deliver significantly more doses in the second quarter.” As a result, a Pfizer vaccine manufacturing facility in Puurs, Belgium experienced a temporary reduction in the number of doses delivered beginning the week of January 18, set to end the start of the following week, (January 25) with the original schedule of deliveries resumed. The reorganization’s impacts were not exclusive to the EU, however, given that Pfizer’s Belgian plant supplies all vaccines delivered outside of the U.S.. Canadian officials claimed that the reduction would halve the number of vaccines they received over late January and February, and Norwegian officials also released a statement about the reduction. Italy threatened legal action. Though the reduction was set to last just one week, Pfizer noted that the reorganization would “temporarily impact shipments in late January to early February.” The company stated that to help compensate, it will significantly increase doses available for EU patients in late February and March. Given that rollouts have been slow in a number of individual EU countries, such as Germany, the Netherlands, and France, this announcement placed more pressure and concern on the in-country programs and EU vaccine rollout overall, which has been criticized for not purchasing more vaccines. It also complicates the timing of second dose vaccinations for healthcare workers and elderly individuals, and, as a result, the overall vaccine distribution timeline. **Gaps in planning: **A December 2020 report published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, which looked at the EU, the European Economic Area, and the United Kingdom, stated that only Bulgaria, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, and Sweden were found to have existing infrastructures sufficient enough for deployment of the COVID-19 vaccines. (All 31 surveyed countries had begun deployment and vaccination plans for COVID-19 vaccines in anticipation of approvals and deliveries beginning in late 2020.) Many countries planned to employ existing vaccine infrastructure during the COVID-19 vaccine rollout, and several countries were aware of gaps in equipment to accommodate the ultra-low temperature requirements of some COVID-19 vaccines. Delivery systems, priority populations, human resource requirements, monitoring systems, and levels of preparedness for the vaccine rollout varied widely among surveyed countries. Unsurprisingly, these differences have the potential to influence how vaccines are provided to residents and can explain some of the variation observed across the EU. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control continues to support COVID-19 vaccination across the EU and has provided support to Member Countries through research and planning activities as well as collaboration with the World Health Organization Regional office for Europe, the European Medicines Agency, and the EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups. The report also found that as of November 30, 2020, only 9 EU countries had published interim recommendations for priority groups to be considered for vaccination. The other countries were in the process of developing such plans. Pfizer and BioNTech reached an agreement with the European Commission to supply 200 million doses of a vaccine in November 2020, and the first COVID-19 vaccine to be approved in the EU (the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine) was approved on December 21, 2020.
Globally, the COVID-19 vaccine rollout has been wrought with challenges and unforeseen delays. In spite of the European Union having contracts in place for 2.3 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines, availability is still limited and rollout has been slow. This is because of a lengthy and complex vaccine approval process, delays in production and delivery, and gaps in planning. Nonetheless, according to the EU vaccine strategy, all adults should be able to be vaccinated during 2021 and the European Commission has promised that “all Member States will have access to COVID-19 vaccines at the same time and the distribution will be done on a per capita basis to ensure fair access.” To be sure, it is difficult to compare the EU to single-country jurisdictions. There are likely to be logistical rollout challenges that are specific to the EU, because one country’s hurdles can directly impact other countries in the Union. While the European Commission has encouraged Member States to follow a common vaccine deployment strategy, there is some tension between supporting a coordinated EU approach while also considering the needs of country-level governments that seek to maintain some autonomy. **Approval process delays:** Both the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine and the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine have been approved by the European Medicines Agency, but EU approvals for the vaccines have trailed approvals in other countries like the U.S. and Canada. The EU approved the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines weeks after the US and Canada did so. The Astra Zeneca vaccine, which is approved for use in the UK and Canada but not yet in the United States, is also waiting on approval from the EU. **Delays in production and delivery: **On top of its lengthy approval process, vaccine deliveries to the EU have also contributed to a slower rollout than expected. The AstraZeneca vaccine is nearing the end of the EU regulatory approval process, but the company stated recently that it plans to deliver far fewer doses than it had promised. The change has increased tensions between the vaccine maker and the EU, which pre-financed AstraZeneca’s vaccine development. Though there have not been reports of widespread delays on the Moderna vaccine, Poland reported a delayed Moderna vaccine on January 25, 2021. The new target date for the delayed delivery is during the weekend of January 30-31, 2021, though it is unclear if this will occur as planned. Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, speaking at the World Economic Forum on January 26, 2021, highlighted European investments in COVID-19 vaccine development and stated that “the companies must deliver. They must honor their obligations.” She went on to mention plans for a vaccine export transparency mechanism to ensure that vaccine allocations are being delivered as promised. A reorganization at Pfizer led to Pfizer-BioNTech reducing vaccine deliveries to all European countries starting the week of January 18. Pfizer stated in a press release on January 15 that the goal of the reorganization is to “scale-up manufacturing capacities in Europe and deliver significantly more doses in the second quarter.” As a result, a Pfizer vaccine manufacturing facility in Puurs, Belgium experienced a temporary reduction in the number of doses delivered beginning the week of January 18, set to end the start of the following week, (January 25) with the original schedule of deliveries resumed. The reorganization’s impacts were not exclusive to the EU, however, given that Pfizer’s Belgian plant supplies all vaccines delivered outside of the U.S.. Canadian officials claimed that the reduction would halve the number of vaccines they received over late January and February, and Norwegian officials also released a statement about the reduction. Italy threatened legal action. Though the reduction was set to last just one week, Pfizer noted that the reorganization would “temporarily impact shipments in late January to early February.” The company stated that to help compensate, it will significantly increase doses available for EU patients in late February and March. Given that rollouts have been slow in a number of individual EU countries, such as Germany, the Netherlands, and France, this announcement placed more pressure and concern on the in-country programs and EU vaccine rollout overall, which has been criticized for not purchasing more vaccines. It also complicates the timing of second dose vaccinations for healthcare workers and elderly individuals, and, as a result, the overall vaccine distribution timeline. **Gaps in planning: **A December 2020 report published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, which looked at the EU, the European Economic Area, and the United Kingdom, stated that only Bulgaria, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, and Sweden were found to have existing infrastructures sufficient enough for deployment of the COVID-19 vaccines. (All 31 surveyed countries had begun deployment and vaccination plans for COVID-19 vaccines in anticipation of approvals and deliveries beginning in late 2020.) Many countries planned to employ existing vaccine infrastructure during the COVID-19 vaccine rollout, and several countries were aware of gaps in equipment to accommodate the ultra-low temperature requirements of some COVID-19 vaccines. Delivery systems, priority populations, human resource requirements, monitoring systems, and levels of preparedness for the vaccine rollout varied widely among surveyed countries. Unsurprisingly, these differences have the potential to influence how vaccines are provided to residents and can explain some of the variation observed across the EU. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control continues to support COVID-19 vaccination across the EU and has provided support to Member Countries through research and planning activities as well as collaboration with the World Health Organization Regional office for Europe, the European Medicines Agency, and the EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups. The report also found that as of November 30, 2020, only 9 EU countries had published interim recommendations for priority groups to be considered for vaccination. The other countries were in the process of developing such plans. Pfizer and BioNTech reached an agreement with the European Commission to supply 200 million doses of a vaccine in November 2020, and the first COVID-19 vaccine to be approved in the EU (the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine) was approved on December 21, 2020.
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What our experts say
Globally, the COVID-19 vaccine rollout has been wrought with challenges and unforeseen delays. In spite of the European Union having contracts in place for 2.3 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines, availability is still limited and rollout has been slow. This is because of a lengthy and complex vaccine approval process, delays in production and delivery, and gaps in planning. Nonetheless, according to the EU vaccine strategy, all adults should be able to be vaccinated during 2021 and the European Commission has promised that “all Member States will have access to COVID-19 vaccines at the same time and the distribution will be done on a per capita basis to ensure fair access.”
To be sure, it is difficult to compare the EU to single-country jurisdictions. There are likely to be logistical rollout challenges that are specific to the EU, because one country’s hurdles can directly impact other countries in the Union. While the European Commission has encouraged Member States to follow a common vaccine deployment strategy, there is some tension between supporting a coordinated EU approach while also considering the needs of country-level governments that seek to maintain some autonomy.
Approval process delays: Both the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine and the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine have been approved by the European Medicines Agency, but EU approvals for the vaccines have trailed approvals in other countries like the U.S. and Canada. The EU approved the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines weeks after the US and Canada did so. The Astra Zeneca vaccine, which is approved for use in the UK and Canada but not yet in the United States, is also waiting on approval from the EU.
Delays in production and delivery: On top of its lengthy approval process, vaccine deliveries to the EU have also contributed to a slower rollout than expected. The AstraZeneca vaccine is nearing the end of the EU regulatory approval process, but the company stated recently that it plans to deliver far fewer doses than it had promised. The change has increased tensions between the vaccine maker and the EU, which pre-financed AstraZeneca’s vaccine development.
Though there have not been reports of widespread delays on the Moderna vaccine, Poland reported a delayed Moderna vaccine on January 25, 2021. The new target date for the delayed delivery is during the weekend of January 30-31, 2021, though it is unclear if this will occur as planned.
Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, speaking at the World Economic Forum on January 26, 2021, highlighted European investments in COVID-19 vaccine development and stated that “the companies must deliver. They must honor their obligations.” She went on to mention plans for a vaccine export transparency mechanism to ensure that vaccine allocations are being delivered as promised.
A reorganization at Pfizer led to Pfizer-BioNTech reducing vaccine deliveries to all European countries starting the week of January 18. Pfizer stated in a press release on January 15 that the goal of the reorganization is to “scale-up manufacturing capacities in Europe and deliver significantly more doses in the second quarter.” As a result, a Pfizer vaccine manufacturing facility in Puurs, Belgium experienced a temporary reduction in the number of doses delivered beginning the week of January 18, set to end the start of the following week, (January 25) with the original schedule of deliveries resumed.
The reorganization’s impacts were not exclusive to the EU, however, given that Pfizer’s Belgian plant supplies all vaccines delivered outside of the U.S.. Canadian officials claimed that the reduction would halve the number of vaccines they received over late January and February, and Norwegian officials also released a statement about the reduction. Italy threatened legal action.
Though the reduction was set to last just one week, Pfizer noted that the reorganization would “temporarily impact shipments in late January to early February.” The company stated that to help compensate, it will significantly increase doses available for EU patients in late February and March.
Given that rollouts have been slow in a number of individual EU countries, such as Germany, the Netherlands, and France, this announcement placed more pressure and concern on the in-country programs and EU vaccine rollout overall, which has been criticized for not purchasing more vaccines. It also complicates the timing of second dose vaccinations for healthcare workers and elderly individuals, and, as a result, the overall vaccine distribution timeline.
Gaps in planning: A December 2020 report published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, which looked at the EU, the European Economic Area, and the United Kingdom, stated that only Bulgaria, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, and Sweden were found to have existing infrastructures sufficient enough for deployment of the COVID-19 vaccines. (All 31 surveyed countries had begun deployment and vaccination plans for COVID-19 vaccines in anticipation of approvals and deliveries beginning in late 2020.)
Many countries planned to employ existing vaccine infrastructure during the COVID-19 vaccine rollout, and several countries were aware of gaps in equipment to accommodate the ultra-low temperature requirements of some COVID-19 vaccines.
Delivery systems, priority populations, human resource requirements, monitoring systems, and levels of preparedness for the vaccine rollout varied widely among surveyed countries. Unsurprisingly, these differences have the potential to influence how vaccines are provided to residents and can explain some of the variation observed across the EU. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control continues to support COVID-19 vaccination across the EU and has provided support to Member Countries through research and planning activities as well as collaboration with the World Health Organization Regional office for Europe, the European Medicines Agency, and the EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups.
The report also found that as of November 30, 2020, only 9 EU countries had published interim recommendations for priority groups to be considered for vaccination. The other countries were in the process of developing such plans. Pfizer and BioNTech reached an agreement with the European Commission to supply 200 million doses of a vaccine in November 2020, and the first COVID-19 vaccine to be approved in the EU (the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine) was approved on December 21, 2020.
Globally, the COVID-19 vaccine rollout has been wrought with challenges and unforeseen delays. In spite of the European Union having contracts in place for 2.3 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines, availability is still limited and rollout has been slow. This is because of a lengthy and complex vaccine approval process, delays in production and delivery, and gaps in planning. Nonetheless, according to the EU vaccine strategy, all adults should be able to be vaccinated during 2021 and the European Commission has promised that “all Member States will have access to COVID-19 vaccines at the same time and the distribution will be done on a per capita basis to ensure fair access.”
To be sure, it is difficult to compare the EU to single-country jurisdictions. There are likely to be logistical rollout challenges that are specific to the EU, because one country’s hurdles can directly impact other countries in the Union. While the European Commission has encouraged Member States to follow a common vaccine deployment strategy, there is some tension between supporting a coordinated EU approach while also considering the needs of country-level governments that seek to maintain some autonomy.
Approval process delays: Both the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine and the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine have been approved by the European Medicines Agency, but EU approvals for the vaccines have trailed approvals in other countries like the U.S. and Canada. The EU approved the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines weeks after the US and Canada did so. The Astra Zeneca vaccine, which is approved for use in the UK and Canada but not yet in the United States, is also waiting on approval from the EU.
Delays in production and delivery: On top of its lengthy approval process, vaccine deliveries to the EU have also contributed to a slower rollout than expected. The AstraZeneca vaccine is nearing the end of the EU regulatory approval process, but the company stated recently that it plans to deliver far fewer doses than it had promised. The change has increased tensions between the vaccine maker and the EU, which pre-financed AstraZeneca’s vaccine development.
Though there have not been reports of widespread delays on the Moderna vaccine, Poland reported a delayed Moderna vaccine on January 25, 2021. The new target date for the delayed delivery is during the weekend of January 30-31, 2021, though it is unclear if this will occur as planned.
Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, speaking at the World Economic Forum on January 26, 2021, highlighted European investments in COVID-19 vaccine development and stated that “the companies must deliver. They must honor their obligations.” She went on to mention plans for a vaccine export transparency mechanism to ensure that vaccine allocations are being delivered as promised.
A reorganization at Pfizer led to Pfizer-BioNTech reducing vaccine deliveries to all European countries starting the week of January 18. Pfizer stated in a press release on January 15 that the goal of the reorganization is to “scale-up manufacturing capacities in Europe and deliver significantly more doses in the second quarter.” As a result, a Pfizer vaccine manufacturing facility in Puurs, Belgium experienced a temporary reduction in the number of doses delivered beginning the week of January 18, set to end the start of the following week, (January 25) with the original schedule of deliveries resumed.
The reorganization’s impacts were not exclusive to the EU, however, given that Pfizer’s Belgian plant supplies all vaccines delivered outside of the U.S.. Canadian officials claimed that the reduction would halve the number of vaccines they received over late January and February, and Norwegian officials also released a statement about the reduction. Italy threatened legal action.
Though the reduction was set to last just one week, Pfizer noted that the reorganization would “temporarily impact shipments in late January to early February.” The company stated that to help compensate, it will significantly increase doses available for EU patients in late February and March.
Given that rollouts have been slow in a number of individual EU countries, such as Germany, the Netherlands, and France, this announcement placed more pressure and concern on the in-country programs and EU vaccine rollout overall, which has been criticized for not purchasing more vaccines. It also complicates the timing of second dose vaccinations for healthcare workers and elderly individuals, and, as a result, the overall vaccine distribution timeline.
Gaps in planning: A December 2020 report published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, which looked at the EU, the European Economic Area, and the United Kingdom, stated that only Bulgaria, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, and Sweden were found to have existing infrastructures sufficient enough for deployment of the COVID-19 vaccines. (All 31 surveyed countries had begun deployment and vaccination plans for COVID-19 vaccines in anticipation of approvals and deliveries beginning in late 2020.)
Many countries planned to employ existing vaccine infrastructure during the COVID-19 vaccine rollout, and several countries were aware of gaps in equipment to accommodate the ultra-low temperature requirements of some COVID-19 vaccines.
Delivery systems, priority populations, human resource requirements, monitoring systems, and levels of preparedness for the vaccine rollout varied widely among surveyed countries. Unsurprisingly, these differences have the potential to influence how vaccines are provided to residents and can explain some of the variation observed across the EU. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control continues to support COVID-19 vaccination across the EU and has provided support to Member Countries through research and planning activities as well as collaboration with the World Health Organization Regional office for Europe, the European Medicines Agency, and the EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups.
The report also found that as of November 30, 2020, only 9 EU countries had published interim recommendations for priority groups to be considered for vaccination. The other countries were in the process of developing such plans. Pfizer and BioNTech reached an agreement with the European Commission to supply 200 million doses of a vaccine in November 2020, and the first COVID-19 vaccine to be approved in the EU (the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine) was approved on December 21, 2020.
Context and background
In the EU, vaccination against COVID-19 began on December 27, 2020. Efforts remain underway to vaccinate high-priority groups, including older adults and healthcare professionals. As additional doses become available, vaccines will be offered and encouraged for the entire population.
Both Astra Zeneca and Pfizer-BioNTech recently cited production problems as a reason for delayed deliveries of the vaccines to the European Union, further stalling efforts to vaccinate more than 700 million people.
In the EU, vaccination against COVID-19 began on December 27, 2020. Efforts remain underway to vaccinate high-priority groups, including older adults and healthcare professionals. As additional doses become available, vaccines will be offered and encouraged for the entire population.
Both Astra Zeneca and Pfizer-BioNTech recently cited production problems as a reason for delayed deliveries of the vaccines to the European Union, further stalling efforts to vaccinate more than 700 million people.
Resources
- Safe COVID-19 Vaccines for Europeans (European Commission)
- EMA receives application for conditional marketing authorisation of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (EMA)
- Press statement by Commissioner Kyriakides on vaccine deliveries and on the vaccine export transparency scheme (European Commission)
- European Commission Authorizes COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna in Europe (Moderna)
- Health Canada Authorizes Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine in Canada (Moderna)
- Moderna Announces FDA Authorization of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine in U.S.(Moderna)
- Pfizer and BioNTech Receive Authorization in the European union for COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer)
- Pfizer and BioNTech Celebrate Historic First Authorization in the U.S. of Vaccine to Prevent COVID-19 (Pfizer)
- Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (tozinameran) (Government of Canada)
- Statement on European Upscaling as well as Impact on Deliveries (Pfizer and BioNTech)
- Temporary reduction in vaccine supplies to Europe from Pfizer (Norwegian Institute of Public Health)
- Italy sends warning letter to Pfizer over COVID vaccine delays (Reuters)
- Cut in supplies of Pfizer coronavirus vaccines to hit Canada, Europe too (Reuters)
- Poland says Moderna delays COVID-19 vaccine supply (Reuters)
- Statement on European Upscaling as well as Impact on Deliveries (Pfizer)
- Coronavirus Vaccines Strategy (European Commission)
- Preparedness for COVID-19 vaccination strategies and vaccine deployment (European Commission)
- Overview of COVID-19 vaccination strategies and vaccine deployment plans in the EU/EEA and the UK (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control)
- Ursula von der Leyen's message to Davos Agenda: Full transcript (World Economic Forum)
- Safe COVID-19 Vaccines for Europeans (European Commission)
- EMA receives application for conditional marketing authorisation of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (EMA)
- Press statement by Commissioner Kyriakides on vaccine deliveries and on the vaccine export transparency scheme (European Commission)
- European Commission Authorizes COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna in Europe (Moderna)
- Health Canada Authorizes Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine in Canada (Moderna)
- Moderna Announces FDA Authorization of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine in U.S.(Moderna)
- Pfizer and BioNTech Receive Authorization in the European union for COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer)
- Pfizer and BioNTech Celebrate Historic First Authorization in the U.S. of Vaccine to Prevent COVID-19 (Pfizer)
- Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (tozinameran) (Government of Canada)
- Statement on European Upscaling as well as Impact on Deliveries (Pfizer and BioNTech)
- Temporary reduction in vaccine supplies to Europe from Pfizer (Norwegian Institute of Public Health)
- Italy sends warning letter to Pfizer over COVID vaccine delays (Reuters)
- Cut in supplies of Pfizer coronavirus vaccines to hit Canada, Europe too (Reuters)
- Poland says Moderna delays COVID-19 vaccine supply (Reuters)
- Statement on European Upscaling as well as Impact on Deliveries (Pfizer)
- Coronavirus Vaccines Strategy (European Commission)
- Preparedness for COVID-19 vaccination strategies and vaccine deployment (European Commission)
- Overview of COVID-19 vaccination strategies and vaccine deployment plans in the EU/EEA and the UK (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control)
- Ursula von der Leyen's message to Davos Agenda: Full transcript (World Economic Forum)
