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Is it possible to compare symptoms of the Delta and Omicron variants?

Is it possible to compare symptoms of the Delta and Omicron variants?

This article was published on
January 13, 2022

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Symptoms cannot be used to differentiate between the Omicron and Delta variants. Most symptoms from infection by the SARS-CoV-2 variants overlap. The definitive way to distinguish variants of SARS-CoV-2 is through a laboratory method called genomic sequencing that is used for public health surveillance to understand the emergence and spread of variants of a virus. 

Symptoms cannot be used to differentiate between the Omicron and Delta variants. Most symptoms from infection by the SARS-CoV-2 variants overlap. The definitive way to distinguish variants of SARS-CoV-2 is through a laboratory method called genomic sequencing that is used for public health surveillance to understand the emergence and spread of variants of a virus. 

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What our experts say

The common symptoms of COVID-19 infection include fever, cough, tiredness, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, body pains, nausea, irritable eyes, and diarrhea.  Some other more severe symptoms include shortness of breath, difficulty in breathing, and chest pain. The different variants of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be determined by one's symptoms, because most symptoms overlap. The symptoms may also vary based on an individual’s vaccination status against the virus. 

Compared to the Delta variant, the Omicron variant has mutations or changes in its structure that make it easier to spread and evade immunity from past infections or vaccination. Some pre-prints of lab studies and initial results from South Africa show that the symptoms of Omicron are less severe and may stay in the nose and throat region. However, mild symptoms could become severe eventually, and should be monitored continuously. 

The time between exposure to the virus and appearance of symptoms (incubation period) is shown to be shorter for the Omicron variant compared to Delta. Omicron symptoms can show up in three to four days of exposure, compared to four to six days in the case of Delta.

The WHO and CDC recommend that all individuals experiencing any of the COVID symptoms get tested, monitor their symptoms, seek medical help as required, and isolate themselves as per the guidelines of their country, regardless of the variant. 

The common symptoms of COVID-19 infection include fever, cough, tiredness, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, body pains, nausea, irritable eyes, and diarrhea.  Some other more severe symptoms include shortness of breath, difficulty in breathing, and chest pain. The different variants of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be determined by one's symptoms, because most symptoms overlap. The symptoms may also vary based on an individual’s vaccination status against the virus. 

Compared to the Delta variant, the Omicron variant has mutations or changes in its structure that make it easier to spread and evade immunity from past infections or vaccination. Some pre-prints of lab studies and initial results from South Africa show that the symptoms of Omicron are less severe and may stay in the nose and throat region. However, mild symptoms could become severe eventually, and should be monitored continuously. 

The time between exposure to the virus and appearance of symptoms (incubation period) is shown to be shorter for the Omicron variant compared to Delta. Omicron symptoms can show up in three to four days of exposure, compared to four to six days in the case of Delta.

The WHO and CDC recommend that all individuals experiencing any of the COVID symptoms get tested, monitor their symptoms, seek medical help as required, and isolate themselves as per the guidelines of their country, regardless of the variant. 

Context and background

A new SARS-CoV-2 variant was detected in November 2021, which rapidly started spreading and became the dominant variant, surpassing the previous Delta variant. Several social media posts around the world claim that the COVID-19 variants Delta and Omicron can be easily distinguished based on the symptoms an individual experiences. This information is inaccurate and while there might be some variation in the symptoms one experiences, most symptoms overlap. Moreover, many people do not show any symptoms at all for either of the variants. 

A new SARS-CoV-2 variant was detected in November 2021, which rapidly started spreading and became the dominant variant, surpassing the previous Delta variant. Several social media posts around the world claim that the COVID-19 variants Delta and Omicron can be easily distinguished based on the symptoms an individual experiences. This information is inaccurate and while there might be some variation in the symptoms one experiences, most symptoms overlap. Moreover, many people do not show any symptoms at all for either of the variants. 

Resources

  1. The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron virus causes attenuated infection and disease in mice and hamsters (Nature Portfolio Journal - preprint)
  2. The omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern does not readily infect Syrian hamsters (bioRxiv)
  3. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 Variant leads to less severe disease than Pango B and Delta variants strains in a mouse model of severe COVID-19 (bioRxiv)
  4. Convalescence from prototype SARS-CoV-2 protects Syrian hamsters from disease caused by the Omicron variant (bioRxiv)
  5. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (WHO)
  6. Omicron infection: What are the symptoms? (Medical News Today)
  7. Omicron: How do I know if I have it? (BBC)
  8. CDC’s Role in Tracking Variants (CDC)
  9. Why COVID-19 Tests Don't Tell You Which Variant You May Have (Verywellhealth)
  10. Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of the Omicron variant in South Africa (medRxiv)
  11. Covid-19: Omicron is causing more infections but fewer hospital admissions than delta, South African data show (BMJ)
  12. What Are the Symptoms of Omicron? (NYT)
  1. The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron virus causes attenuated infection and disease in mice and hamsters (Nature Portfolio Journal - preprint)
  2. The omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern does not readily infect Syrian hamsters (bioRxiv)
  3. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 Variant leads to less severe disease than Pango B and Delta variants strains in a mouse model of severe COVID-19 (bioRxiv)
  4. Convalescence from prototype SARS-CoV-2 protects Syrian hamsters from disease caused by the Omicron variant (bioRxiv)
  5. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (WHO)
  6. Omicron infection: What are the symptoms? (Medical News Today)
  7. Omicron: How do I know if I have it? (BBC)
  8. CDC’s Role in Tracking Variants (CDC)
  9. Why COVID-19 Tests Don't Tell You Which Variant You May Have (Verywellhealth)
  10. Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of the Omicron variant in South Africa (medRxiv)
  11. Covid-19: Omicron is causing more infections but fewer hospital admissions than delta, South African data show (BMJ)
  12. What Are the Symptoms of Omicron? (NYT)

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